OriginThis particular fan subgroup appeared strongly in Italy in the late 1960s when football teams reduce ticket prices in certain areas in stadion.Istilah is rarely used in the UK, but can be applied to hardcore fans, or criminals.The longest standing ultra group said Hadjuk's Split Torcida, founded in 1950, and took the name of so-called support groups in Brazil.However, the "Fedelissimi Granata" founded in Turin in 1951, and is still present in the ultra line-up The Maratona curva.Ultras Sampdoria appeared in 1969 (the first to call themselves "Ultra"), followed by "Boys San" from Inter. In 1986 in Serbia, Red Star Belgrade Ultras group was formed.
CharacteristicsUltra groups are usually based on a core group (who tend to have executive control of the whole group), with smaller subgroups organized by location, friendship or political stance. Ultras tend to use a variety of styles and sizes of banners and flags with the names and symbols of the group. Some ultra groups sell their own merchandise such as scarves, hats and jackets. Ultra culture is a mixture of several styles that support, such as scarf-waving and chanting. Ultra group can number from a few hundred fans, and often claim all parts of a stadium for themselves.The fourth point is the core of the ultra mentality:• never stop singing or chanting during the game, no matter what the outcome• never sit down during matches• attend the game as much as possible (home and away), without the cost or the distance• loyalty to the stand in the group is (also known as Curva or Kop).Ultra groups usually have a representative who liaises with the club owners on a regular basis, especially regarding tickets, seat allocations and storage facilities. Some clubs provide the groups cheaper tickets, storage rooms for flags and banners, and early access to the stadium before the match in order to prepare the display. Some non-ultras have criticized the preferred type of relationship. Some spectators criticize ultras for never sitting during matches and for displaying banners and flags, which obstruct their view sitting in the back. Ultras criticize others for physical attacks or intimidation of non-ultra fans.
Match Day
Varvari tifo at home Montenegro First League matchesBefore the big game, most of the ultra groups choreograph a large screen, (sometimes known as Tifo) for when the teams entered. Ranging in size, based on the financial ability of the group, has tifo displayed only at the stadium where the group is located or the entire stadium. Sometimes a small sheet of plastic or paper held aloft to form a pattern or color of the stadium. Other materials used include balloons, streamers, large banners, flares, smoke bombs, and more recently, the giant doll (as used by Sampdoria's ultras in 2002). Icons of popular culture are often used on banners, such as Alex Delarge (from the film A Clockwork Orange), Bulldog, or Che Guevara.Corporate logo and brand catchphrases are also often used. The display, which can be expensive to make, often take months to prepare.Generally, ultra 'groups, particularly in Italy, have a sense of hostility towards what is called modern football, which refers to all-seater stadiums, more expensive ticket, matches played at non-traditional times (especially the night game), players are bought and sold like merchandise, and excessive commercialization of football in general. Banners stating "contro Il Calcio Moderno" (Against modern football) or simply "No al Calcio Moderno" (No to modern football) are commonly seen in Italian stadiums, and also appears in other parts of Europe. General English equivalent, seen on banners and flags in stadiums around the United Kingdom, is the phrase "Love Football, Hate Business".Ultra groups tend to be very vocal in the match, with each group having several football chants. The melody is mostly taken from popular songs, like "Guantanamera" and "7 Nation Army". Other popular songs, sung as a whole includes "Ciao Bella" and "ACAB (All Cops Are Bastards)". In most cases, a leader of the group, often using a megaphone, coordinate the various activities of the entire group, including singing, songs, and banner drops. Website fanzines and played a major role in the ultra movement. As printing costs decrease and increase publishing software, fanzines have become increasingly more professional look.
HoliganismAlthough ultra groups can become violent, largely continue the match without violent incidents. Unlike companies bully, whose main objective is to fight fans of other clubs, the main focus of the ultras is to support their own team. Criminals usually try not to attract attention when they travel, usually do not wear team colors, in order to avoid detection by the police. Ultras tend to be more inconspicuous when they travel and like to arrive en masse, which allows the police to monitor their movements. When problems involving ultras did not rupture, usually taking the form of political turmoil similar to that in Italy in the 1970s when the Carabinieri using the same tactics with the ultras as they do with political activists.However, there does not seem "crossover in some countries between the ultras and hooligans. In Italy, when the English club Middlesbrough FC played a match against AS Roma in March 2006, three Middlesbrough fans were stabbed in an attack blamed on supporters of Rome ultras.Roma supporters ultras also blamed for an incident related to the club against English club Manchester United in Rome in April 2007, which resulted in a 11 Manchester fans and two Italian fan was taken to the house sakit.ini specific events may be attributed to the anti-British mindset among some Roma fans that dates back to the final of Euro 1984. Spanish authorities have been concerned related to ultra-violence against supporters of other clubs, such as the murder of a fan of Real Sociedad.
Politics
Napoli ultras hold aloft the banner of protest about the death of a fan backlash authority from rival clubs.Ultra groups sometimes associated with politics, such as racism, anti-racism, nationalism or anti-capitalism. In addition, one of the movements that grow in groups that go beyond ultra traditional left-right politics is resistance to the commercialization of football. In Italy this movement called No al Calcio Moderno, which is defined as Modern Football Nay. [7] In some cases, the fans have separated themselves from the original team and form his own team, as Manchester United FC to FC Unite of Manchester, Wimbledon FC (now Milton Keynes Dons FC) for AFC Wimbledon and FC Red Bull Salzburg to SV Austria Salzburg.Some groups Ultra - like Livorno's Brigate autonome Livornesi, NK Zagreb's Brijeg anđeli, AC Arezzo's Fossa, Pisa Calcio's Ultras, Olympique de Marseille Curva-Massilia, St.Pauli 's Ultra Sankt Pauli, Celtic FC's Green Brigade, Hapoel Tel-Aviv Hapoel Ultras , Atalanta Bergamo's "Brigate Neroazzure", AEK Athens's Original 21, AC Omonia's Gate 9 and Sevilla FC's Biris Norte - known to display a flag with red star, hammer and sickle, the symbol of anarchy, the image of Che Guevara or various anti-fascist iconography. In Turkey, Beşiktaş JK ultra Çarşı group, which is known for left wing views, has a value of A in a logo similar to the symbol of anarchy. Ajax Amsterdam fans often display the Star of David and Israeli flags, and regularly sang "JODEN! JODEN!" (Dutch for "Jew! Jew!") In reference to the club's Jewish roots. Similarly, Tottenham Hotspurs ultras Yidos own label and calling teams Yid Army, to relect their Jewish heritage. Antirazzisti annual Mondiali (Anti-Racist World Cup) attracted more than 6000 people, and is the largest gathering in the world anti-fascist Ultras.There are many politicians right ultras in the world such as Maccabi Tel Aviv's Ultras Beitar Jerusalem Famillia La Irriducibili Lazio, Inter's Boys San, Real Madrids Ultras Sur, Hellas Verona Brigate Gialloblu Espanyol's Brigadas Blanquiazules, FC Steaua Bucureşti's Peluza Nord & Peluza Sud, FC Dinamo Bucuresti's PCH ( Peluza Catalin Hîldan) and Atletico Madrid ultra group is known for displaying swastikas and racist.
CompetitionFierce competition between ultra groups can be found all over the world, although most of greater competition found in Europe. The competition is often based around a basic hostility to the rival team, especially in the derbies, and some of the competition that is partly based on politics (eg Livorno vs. Lazio). There has also been competition between ultra groups that support the same team; based on the personal and / or leadership disputes. Sometimes ultra groups try to capture banners and flags from the rival group. Losing a banner or flag rival group considered a great humiliation, and loss of banner fraction required to disband.In the book How Soccer Explains the World, Franklin Foer describes the rivalry between Serb and Croat teams as, "a new, or older, hostility can be seen clearly in the football stadium ... fans sing about murder each." ultras from FK Partizan, Grobari (Gravediggers) and FC Red Star Belgrade, Delije (Heroes) form the basis arkan's Tigers, a Serb paramilitary forces then engaged in various acts of terror during the war in Yugoslavia. The Tigers made a dramatic appearance during a game March 22, 1992 Belgrade derby between Red Star and Partizan; they raised signs saying: '20 miles to Vukovar '; '10 Miles to Vukovar '; 'Welcome to Vukovar'. More signs followed, each named for a Croatian town that had fallen to Serb forces. Arkan then director of Red Star supporters' asosiasi.Dalam game later, after Serb forces withdraw from the occupied Vukovar, Croatia fans will periodically display signs of respect Vukovar (sometimes spelled Vukowar) and sang: "Vukovar! Vukovar!". When Bosnia-Herzegovina played a friendly against Croatia in August 2007, Croatian fans formed a human U symbol, which represents the Ustaše fascist movement responsible for the mass murder of Serbs, Jews, and people of Rome during World War II. It is currently an increase in ethnic tension in Bosnia between Croats and Bosnian Muslims.
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